Friday 29 March 2024

automatic translation

Friday 29 March 2024

automatic translation

    The glass alphabet

    We continue our journey among the numerous types of glass and our roundup continues from the letter D to the letter L.

    To the letter D

    Duplicated or plated glass: it has a coloring obtained by applying one or more layers of colorless glass.

    With the letter E

    Electronic glass: it is generally made up of two sheets stratified by polymeric electrolyte and treated on the internal surfaces with electrically conductive deposits and other thin films. This type of glass is used in rear-view mirrors and car roofs.

    With the letter F

    Falconnier glass: it is a very robust glass, it is suitable for openings in masonry and similar construction works.

    Fiber glass: it consists of thin filaments divided between long or continuous fibers and short or staple fibers. The former are obtained with a spinning using a drum, the latter with a spinning by centrifugal force.
    In the latter method, the molten glass pours into the center of a circular disk which rotates at a speed of 400 revolutions per minute, and which has a radially grooved edge. Then the glass is projected out in the form of fibers.
    In the spinning process by means of a drum, the furnace and the spinning device result in an electrically heated platinum-radio spinneret provided with narrow diameter nozzles.
    The filaments, which come out from here, are pulled by a winding drum.
    Glass fibers are used in the preparation of reinforced plastics and in thermal and acoustic insulation. Continuous fibers are used to prepare fabrics that are widely used in the manufacture of curtains and furnishing fabrics.

    Spun glass:
     it is used for filters in chemistry, it corresponds to the denomination given in the past to glass fibers obtained from glass rods in the pasty state, stretched.

    Filogranate glass: used for vase decorations and similar applications, it is a type of glass with colored, parallel or crossed filaments. It is obtained from bunches of thin glass filaments folded in a spiral, stretched and then covered with other colorless glass.

    Photochromic glasses: they can vary their transmission coefficient according to the intensity of the light that hits them. By the action of the silver halides contained in them, these glasses take on a gray color when exposed to sunlight: in this way they function as a filter, especially for infrared radiation. The gray color is given by the metallic silver released by the halide particles and decreases with the absence of sunlight. Photochromic glasses are used for building windows, shop windows, sunglasses and for photographic recordings.

    Photosensitive glasses: they are capable of giving rise to a marked nucleation, as a consequence of exposure to ultraviolet or X-rays.
    The crystallization germs can grow by heating, giving rise to a crystalline phase, to accelerate the formation of which, silver ions and cerium ions must be added to the glass.
    After immersion in acid solutions, it is possible to create, in this type of glass, holes and drawings of extreme precision, as required by the optoelectronics industry.

    With the letter G

    Gel glass: it is obtained by heating gels obtained by hydrolysis and polycondensation reactions of liquid metallorganic compounds. This production method, known as the sol-gel method, allows to obtain: hyper-pure glass, thin glass films applicable to different materials, glass-ceramic and ceramic products, a wide range of nitrided glasses. These contain nitrogen and have hardness, chemical and breakage resistance, high refractoriness and particular electrical properties.

    Iced glass or icicles: characterized by relief designs similar to ice crystallizations, it is obtained by solidifying some glue spread on opaque glass. This type of processing gives rise to small flakes that create impressive designs.

    Ice glass: it is obtained by sudden cooling of blown glass objects and then by annealing. The first stage of processing serves to purposely determine countless cracks in the glass mass.

    Let's move on to the letter J

    Jena glass: includes several varieties of glass, generally used for laboratory and optical equipment.

    With the letter L

    Lamellar glass: it is characterized by resistance to disintegration, it is a sheet material consisting of alternating layers of glass and transparent plastic material, they are glued together with cellulose acetate and pressed in an autoclave.

    Glasses for laser or laser glass: is a type of glass used in data transmission, surgery and material processing, they are glasses that have a stimulated emission of monochromatic radiation.
    They are sodium-calcium or boric glasses, containing lanthanum and thorium oxide.

    Milk or milky glass or opal glass: it is a translucent glass due to the dispersion of fluorides, phosphates, oxides and as a consequence of the formation of extremely small gaseous bubbles.
    Opalescence depends on the diversity of refractive indices between glass and heterogeneous particles.

    Long glass: it is a type of glass characterized by a rather wide workability range.

    Source: http: // www.vitrum.it / home_text.htm

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